VOL 5 NO 2

By Shahid Kardar* Until recently underdeveloped infrastructure like road networks, transportation, etc., had created sheltered local markets for small enterprises. The only competition they encountered was amongst each other from the overcrowding in such a market. Then there were government policies that created the perverse incentives to remain small and operate in an isolated manner. […]

By Hamid Raza Khan* Introduction The advent of globalization and the proliferation of modern communication technologies have led to the emergence of a new media order which has dramatically reshaped national boundaries. This has, in turn, made it difficult for countries to restrict worldwide cultural flows and control forces of global communications. Giving way to

By Aisha Khan* The ecological trend of greatest concern in Pakistan today is the continuing loss, fragmentation and degradation of its natural and modified habitats. The country, situated as it is in Southern Asia, borders the Arabian Sea and is flanked by India in the east, Iran and Afghanistan in the west and China in

By Zubair Iqbal* Overview The deterioration of the Pakistan economy over the past 2-3 years can be attributed mainly to the continuation of inappropriate macroeconomic policies since, at least, 2005/06. The sudden and debilitating weakening of the international economic and financial environment added to the turmoil. While the major economic challenges – sharply declining growth,

By Taimur Khilji Abstract Persistent inequality, in addition to being ethically wrong, is politically risky and is likely to arrest development gains. In a continent that is now largely democratic issues of equity will shape the future of governments. Rising levels of inequality across Asia underscore the regional dimension of the problem. Although currently lacking,

By S. Iftikhar Murshed* Abstract Chance or accidental discoveries may have played a part in the development of nuclear weapons yet, had they not occurred, the Manhattan Project would still have been initiated, albeit, at a later date. The inevitable would merely have been postponed. The psychology of strength is consistently evident in the politics

By Iqbal Ahmad Khan* Abstract The Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah gave clear and unambiguous guidelines to the constitution makers of the new state of Pakistan. His historic address of 11 August 1947 embodied the raison d’être of Pakistan. “You may belong to any religion or caste or creed that has nothing to do with the

Muhammad Ali  Jinnah meant every word  of  what he  said on  11 August 1947. He was opposed to an Islamic State as understood by its protagonists in Pakistan like Abul Ala Maududi relying on Abul Hasan al-Marwardi and others but of which Jinnah was innocent – he did not demand because he wanted to establish